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APPLICATION NOTE AVAILABLE
AN42 * AN44-48 * AN50 * AN52 * AN53 * AN71 * AN92
Terminal Voltage 5V, 100 Taps, Log Taper
X9C303
Digitally Controlled Potentiometer (XDCPTM)
FEATURES * Solid-state potentiometer * Three-wire serial interface * 100 wiper tap points --Wiper position stored in nonvolatile memory and recalled on power-up * 99 resistive elements, log taper --Temperature compensated --End to end resistance, 15% --Terminal voltages, 5V * Low power CMOS --VCC = 5V --Active current, 3mA max. --Standby current, 750A max. * High reliability --Endurance, 100,000 data changes per bit --Register data retention, 100 years * X9C303, 32 k * Packages --8-lead TSSOP --8-lead SOIC --8-pin DIP DESCRIPTION The Xicor X9C303 is a digitally controlled potentiometer (XDCP). The device consists of a resistor array, wiper switches, a control section, and nonvolatile memory. The wiper position is controlled by a threewire interface. The resistor array is composed of 99 resistive elements. Between each element and at either end are tap points accessible to the wiper terminal. The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation. The device can be used as a three-terminal potentiometer or as a two-terminal variable resistor in a wide variety of applications ranging from control, to signal processing, to parameter adjustment. Digitallycontrolled potentiometers provide three powerful application advantages; (1) the variability and reliability of a solid-state potentiometer, (2) the flexibility of computer-based digital controls, and (3) the use of nonvolatile memory for potentiometer settings retention.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
U/D INC CS 7-Bit Up/Down Counter 99 98 97 7-Bit Nonvolatile Memory 96 One of OneHundred Decoder 2 Store and Recall Control Circuitry 1 0 RL/VL RW/VW XDCPTM is a trademark of Xicor, Inc. REV 1.1 4/27/01 RH/VH
Transfer Gates
Resistor Array
VCC VSS
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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X9C303
PIN DESCRIPTIONS VH and VL The high (VH) and low (VL) terminals of the device are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is -5V and the maximum is +5V. It should be noted that the terminology of VL and VH references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on the terminal. VW VW is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 40. Up/Down (U/D) The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incriminated or decremented. Increment (INC) The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Chip Select (CS) The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete the device will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again. PIN CONFIGURATION
DIP/SOIC/(TSSOP) (CS) INC (VCC) U/D (INC) VH (U/D) V SS 1 2 3 4 X9C303 8 7 6 5 VCC (VL) CS (VW) VL (VSS) VW (VH) VL R1 + R2 + . . . + Ri VW G i = 20Log ------------------------------------------------ = --------- ( V L = 0V ) R TOTAL VS R 1 + R 2 + . . . + R 99 @ 33K = R TOTAL (Refer Test Circuit 1)
PIN NAMES Symbol
VH VW VL VSS VCC U/D INC CS NC
Description
High Terminal (Potentiometer) Wiper Terminal (Potentiometer) Low Terminal (Potentiometer) Ground Supply Voltage Up/Down Control Input Increment Control Input Chip Select Control Input No Connection
POTENTIOMETER RELATIONSHIPS
S100 VH (VS) S99 S98 VW
R99 R98
S3 R2 R1 S2 S1
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X9C303
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION There are three sections of the X9C303: the input control, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised of 99 individual resistors connected in series. At either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper. The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. The electronic switches on the device operate in a "make before break" mode when the wiper changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for tIW (INC to VW change). The RTOTAL value for the device can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount if the wiper is moved several positions. When the device is powered-down, the last counter position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the counter is reset to the value last stored. Instructions and Programming The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the device is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven-bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of one-hundred wiper positions along the resistive array. The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory whenever CS transitions HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. The system may select the X9C303, move the wiper, and deselect the device without having to store the latest wiper position in nonvolatile memory. The wiper movement is performed as described above; once the new position is reached, the system would the keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position would be maintained until changed by the system or until a power-down/up cycle recalled the previously stored data. This would allow the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The adjustments might be based on user preference: system parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc... The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the device and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. MODE SELECTION CS
L L H H X L
INC
U/D
H L X X X Wiper Up
Mode
Wiper Down Store Wiper Position Standby Current No Store, Return to Standby
SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM INPUTS Must be steady May change from Low to High May change from High to Low Don't Care: Changes Allowed N/A OUTPUTS Will be steady Will change from Low to High Will change from High to Low Changing: State Not Known Center Line is High Impedance
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X9C303
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Temperature under bias ....................-65C to +135C Storage temperature .........................-65C to +150C Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and VCC with respect to VSS .................................. -1V to +7V Voltage on VH and VL referenced to VSS ................................... -8V to +8V V = |VH-VL| X9C303 .......................................... 10V Lead temperature (soldering, 10 seconds)...... +300C Wiper current ..................................................... 1mA COMMENT Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device (at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification) is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Characteristics End-to-end resistance tolerance ....................... 15% Power rating at 25C X9C303 ........................... 10mW Wiper current ............................................ 1mA Max. Typical Electrical Taper
100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% % Total Resistance 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 R(VH-VW) R(VW-VL) 99 4 of 10
Typical wiper resistance ...........................40 at 1mA Typical resistor noise ........................ 23 nV (RMS)//Hz at 1kHzPHZ Typical charge pump noise.. 20 mV (RMS) @ 2.5 MHz Relative Variation Relative variation is a measure of the error in step size between taps = log (Vw(n)) - log (Vw(n-1)) = 0.045 0.003 for tap n = 2 - 99 Temperature Coefficient (-40C to +85C) X9C303 .......... 400 ppm/C Typical Ratiometric temperature coefficient ..............20 ppm Wiper Adjustability Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation) Wiper Position Store Operations ...................100,000 Data Changes per Bit Physical Characteristics Marking Includes Manufacturer's Trademark Resistance Value or Code Date Code
Tap
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X9C303
Test Circuit #1
VH
Test Circuit #2
VH Test Point
Circuit #3SPICE Macro Model
RTOTAL RH CH CW 25pF RW CL 10pF RL
VS
Test Point VW VL VL
VW
Force Current
10pF
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature
Commercial Industrial Military
Min.
0C -40C -55C
Max.
+70C +85C +125C
Supply Voltage
X9C303
Limits
5V 10%
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.) Limits Symbol
ICC ISB ILI VIH VIL RW VH VL CIN(2) CH/CL/CW
Parameter
VCC active current Standby supply current CS, INC, U/D input leakage current CS, INC, U/D input HIGH voltage CS, INC, U/D input LOW voltage Wiper resistance VH terminal voltage VL terminal voltage CS, INC, U/D input capacitance Potentiometer capacitance
Min.
Typ.1
1 200
Max.
3 750 10
Unit
mA A A V V V V pF pF
Test Conditions
CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V to 2.4V @ max. tCYC CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V VIN = VSS to VCC
2 -1 40 -5 -5
VCC + 1 0.8 100 +5 +5 10 10/10/25
Max. Wiper Current 1mA
VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25C, f = 1MHz See Circuit 3
Standard Parts Part Number
X9C303
Maximum Resistance
32K
Wiper Increments
Log Taper
Minimum Resistance
40 Typical
Notes: (1) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (2) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
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X9C303
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
Input pulse levels Input rise and fall times Input reference levels 0V to 3V 10ns 1.5V
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Limits Symbol
tCl tlD tDI tlL tlH tlC tCPH tIW tCYC tR, tF4 tPU4 tR VCC4
Parameter
CS to INC setup INC HIGH to U/D change U/D to INC setup INC LOW period INC HIGH period INC inactive to CS inactive CS deselect time INC to VW change INC cycle time INC input rise and fall time Power up to wiper stable VCC power-up rate
Min.
100 100 2.9 1 1 1 20
Typ.3
Max.
Unit
ns ns s s s s ms
100 4
500 500 500
s s ns s mV/s
0.2
50
A.C. TIMING
CS tCYC tCI INC tID U/D tIW VW MI (8) tDI tF tIL tIH tIC tCPH 90% 90% 10% tR
Notes: (3) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (4) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. (5) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the VW output due to a change in the wiper position.
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X9C303
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package Type P
0.430 (10.92) 0.360 (9.14)
0.260 (6.60) 0.240 (6.10) Pin 1 Index Pin 1 0.300 (7.62) Ref. 0.060 (1.52) 0.020 (0.51)
Half Shoulder Width On All End Pins Optional Seating Plane 0.150 (3.81) 0.125 (3.18)
0.145 (3.68) 0.128 (3.25) 0.025 (0.64) 0.015 (0.38) 0.065 (1.65) 0.045 (1.14) 0.020 (0.51) 0.016 (0.41)
0.110 (2.79) 0.090 (2.29)
.073 (1.84) Max.
0.325 (8.25) 0.300 (7.62)
Typ. 0.010 (0.25)
0 15
NOTE: 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS) 2. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EXCLUDE MOLDING FLASH
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X9C303
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline Gull Wing Package Type S
0.150 (3.80) 0.228 (5.80) 0.158 (4.00) 0.244 (6.20) Pin 1 Index Pin 1
0.014 (0.35) 0.019 (0.49) 0.188 (4.78) 0.197 (5.00) (4X) 7
0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75) 0.004 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25)
0.050 (1.27)
0.010 (0.25) X 45 0.020 (0.50)
0.050" Typical
0 - 8 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.410) 0.037 (0.937) 0.250"
0.050" Typical
FOOTPRINT
0.030" Typical 8 Places
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
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X9C303
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-Lead Plastic, TSSOP, Package Type V
.025 (.65) BSC
.169 (4.3) .252 (6.4) BSC .177 (4.5)
.114 (2.9) .122 (3.1) .047 (1.20) .0075 (.19) .0118 (.30) .002 (.05) .006 (.15)
.010 (.25) Gage Plane 0 - 8 .019 (.50) .029 (.75) Detail A (20X) (1.78) .031 (.80) .041 (1.05) See Detail "A" (0.42) (0.65) All Measurements Are Typical Seating Plane (4.16) (7.72)
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
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X9C303
Ordering Information X9C303 X X Temperature Range Blank = Commercial = 0C to +70C I = Industrial = -40C to +85C Package P = 8-Lead Plastic DIP S8 = 8-Lead SOIC V8 = 8-Lead TSSOP
LIMITED WARRANTY
(c)Xicor, Inc. 2001 Patents Pending
Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, or licenses are implied. COPYRIGHTS AND TRADEMARKS Xicor, Inc., the Xicor logo, E2POT, XDCP, XBGA, AUTOSTORE, Direct Write cell, Concurrent Read-Write, PASS, MPS, PushPOT, Block Lock, IdentiPROM, E2KEY, X24C16, SecureFlash, and SerialFlash are all trademarks or registered trademarks of Xicor, Inc. All other brand and product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only, and are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829,482; 4,874,967; 4,883,976; 4,980,859; 5,012,132; 5,003,197; 5,023,694; 5,084,667; 5,153,880; 5,153,691; 5,161,137; 5,219,774; 5,270,927; 5,324,676; 5,434,396; 5,544,103; 5,587,573; 5,835,409; 5,977,585. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurrence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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Characteristics subject to change without notice.
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